<chapter id="vfs">
<chapterinfo>
	<author>
		<firstname>Alexander</firstname><surname>Bokovoy</surname>
		<affiliation>
			<address><email>ab@samba.org</email></address>
		</affiliation>
	</author>
	<author>
		<firstname>Stefan</firstname><surname>Metzmacher</surname>
		<affiliation>
			<address><email>metze@metzemix.de</email></address>
		</affiliation>
	</author>
	<pubdate> 27 May 2003 </pubdate>
</chapterinfo>

<title>VFS Modules</title>

<sect1>
<title>The Samba (Posix) VFS layer</title>

<sect2>
<title>The general interface</title>

<para>
Each VFS operation has a vfs_op_type, a function pointer and a handle pointer in the
struct vfs_ops and tree macros to make it easier to call the operations.
(Take a look at <filename>include/vfs.h</filename> and <filename>include/vfs_macros.h</filename>.)
</para>

<para><programlisting>
typedef enum _vfs_op_type {
	SMB_VFS_OP_NOOP = -1,

	...

	/* File operations */

	SMB_VFS_OP_OPEN,
	SMB_VFS_OP_CLOSE,
	SMB_VFS_OP_READ,
	SMB_VFS_OP_WRITE,
	SMB_VFS_OP_LSEEK,
	SMB_VFS_OP_SENDFILE,

	...

	SMB_VFS_OP_LAST
} vfs_op_type;
</programlisting></para>

<para>This struct contains the function and handle pointers for all operations.<programlisting>
struct vfs_ops {
	struct vfs_fn_pointers {
		...
		
		/* File operations */
		
		int (*open)(struct vfs_handle_struct *handle,
			struct connection_struct *conn,
			const char *fname, int flags, mode_t mode);
		int (*close)(struct vfs_handle_struct *handle,
			struct files_struct *fsp, int fd);
		ssize_t (*read)(struct vfs_handle_struct *handle, 
			struct files_struct *fsp, int fd, void *data, size_t n);
		ssize_t (*write)(struct vfs_handle_struct *handle, 
			struct files_struct *fsp, int fd, 
			const void *data, size_t n);
		SMB_OFF_T (*lseek)(struct vfs_handle_struct *handle, 
			struct files_struct *fsp, int fd, 
			SMB_OFF_T offset, int whence);
		ssize_t (*sendfile)(struct vfs_handle_struct *handle, 
			int tofd, files_struct *fsp, int fromfd, 
			const DATA_BLOB *header, SMB_OFF_T offset, size_t count);

		...
	} ops;
	
	struct vfs_handles_pointers {
		...
		
		/* File operations */
		
		struct vfs_handle_struct *open;
		struct vfs_handle_struct *close;
		struct vfs_handle_struct *read;
		struct vfs_handle_struct *write;
		struct vfs_handle_struct *lseek;
		struct vfs_handle_struct *sendfile;
		
		...
	} handles;
};
</programlisting></para>

<para>
This macros SHOULD be used to call any vfs operation.
DO NOT ACCESS conn-&gt;vfs.ops.* directly !!!
<programlisting>
...
	
/* File operations */
#define SMB_VFS_OPEN(conn, fname, flags, mode) \
	((conn)-&gt;vfs.ops.open((conn)-&gt;vfs.handles.open,\
	 (conn), (fname), (flags), (mode)))
#define SMB_VFS_CLOSE(fsp, fd) \
	((fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs.ops.close(\
	(fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs.handles.close, (fsp), (fd)))
#define SMB_VFS_READ(fsp, fd, data, n) \
	((fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs.ops.read(\
	(fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs.handles.read,\
	 (fsp), (fd), (data), (n)))
#define SMB_VFS_WRITE(fsp, fd, data, n) \
	((fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs.ops.write(\
	(fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs.handles.write,\
	 (fsp), (fd), (data), (n)))
#define SMB_VFS_LSEEK(fsp, fd, offset, whence) \
	((fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs.ops.lseek(\
	(fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs.handles.lseek,\
	 (fsp), (fd), (offset), (whence)))
#define SMB_VFS_SENDFILE(tofd, fsp, fromfd, header, offset, count) \
	((fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs.ops.sendfile(\
	(fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs.handles.sendfile,\
	 (tofd), (fsp), (fromfd), (header), (offset), (count)))

...
</programlisting></para>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Possible VFS operation layers</title>

<para>
These values are used by the VFS subsystem when building the conn-&gt;vfs 
and conn-&gt;vfs_opaque structs for a connection with multiple VFS modules. 
Internally, Samba differentiates only opaque and transparent layers at this process.
Other types are used for providing better diagnosing facilities.
</para>

<para>
Most modules will provide transparent layers. Opaque layer is for modules
which implement actual file system calls (like DB-based VFS). For example,
default POSIX VFS which is built in into Samba is an opaque VFS module.
</para>

<para>    
Other layer types (logger, splitter, scanner) were designed to provide different 
degree of transparency and for diagnosing VFS module behaviour.
</para>

<para>
Each module can implement several layers at the same time provided that only
one layer is used per each operation.
</para>

<para><programlisting>
typedef enum _vfs_op_layer {
	SMB_VFS_LAYER_NOOP = -1,	/* - For using in VFS module to indicate end of array */
					/*   of operations description */
	SMB_VFS_LAYER_OPAQUE = 0,	/* - Final level, does not call anything beyond itself */
	SMB_VFS_LAYER_TRANSPARENT,	/* - Normal operation, calls underlying layer after */
					/*   possibly changing passed data */
	SMB_VFS_LAYER_LOGGER,		/* - Logs data, calls underlying layer, logging may not */
					/*   use Samba VFS */
	SMB_VFS_LAYER_SPLITTER,		/* - Splits operation, calls underlying layer _and_ own facility, */
					/*   then combines result */
	SMB_VFS_LAYER_SCANNER		/* - Checks data and possibly initiates additional */
					/*   file activity like logging to files _inside_ samba VFS */
} vfs_op_layer;
</programlisting></para>

</sect2>

</sect1>

<sect1>
<title>The Interaction between the Samba VFS subsystem and the modules</title>

<sect2>
<title>Initialization and registration</title>

<para>
As each Samba module a VFS module should have a 
<programlisting>NTSTATUS vfs_example_init(void);</programlisting> function if it's staticly linked to samba or
<programlisting>NTSTATUS init_module(void);</programlisting> function if it's a shared module.
</para>

<para>
This should be the only non static function inside the module.
Global variables should also be static!
</para>

<para>
The module should register its functions via the
<programlisting>
NTSTATUS smb_register_vfs(int version, const char *name, vfs_op_tuple *vfs_op_tuples);
</programlisting> function.
</para>

<variablelist>

<varlistentry><term>version</term>
<listitem><para>should be filled with SMB_VFS_INTERFACE_VERSION</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>name</term>
<listitem><para>this is the name witch can be listed in the 
<command>vfs objects</command> parameter to use this module.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>vfs_op_tuples</term>
<listitem><para>
this is an array of vfs_op_tuple's.
(vfs_op_tuples is descripted in details below.)
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

<para>
For each operation the module wants to provide it has a entry in the 
vfs_op_tuple array.
</para>

<programlisting>
typedef struct _vfs_op_tuple {
	void* op;
	vfs_op_type type;
	vfs_op_layer layer;
} vfs_op_tuple;
</programlisting>

<variablelist>

<varlistentry><term>op</term>
<listitem><para>the function pointer to the specified function.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>type</term>
<listitem><para>the vfs_op_type of the function to specified witch operation the function provides.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>layer</term>
<listitem><para>the vfs_op_layer in whitch the function operates.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

<para>A simple example:</para>

<programlisting>
static vfs_op_tuple example_op_tuples[] = {	
	{SMB_VFS_OP(example_connect),	SMB_VFS_OP_CONNECT,	SMB_VFS_LAYER_TRANSPARENT},
	{SMB_VFS_OP(example_disconnect),	SMB_VFS_OP_DISCONNECT,	SMB_VFS_LAYER_TRANSPARENT},

	{SMB_VFS_OP(example_rename),	SMB_VFS_OP_RENAME,	SMB_VFS_LAYER_OPAQUE},

	/* This indicates the end of the array */
	{SMB_VFS_OP(NULL),				SMB_VFS_OP_NOOP,	SMB_VFS_LAYER_NOOP}
};

NTSTATUS init_module(void)
{
	return smb_register_vfs(SMB_VFS_INTERFACE_VERSION, &quot;example&quot;, example_op_tuples);
}
</programlisting>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>How the Modules handle per connection data</title>

<para>Each VFS function has as first parameter a pointer to the modules vfs_handle_struct.
</para>

<programlisting>
typedef struct vfs_handle_struct {
	struct vfs_handle_struct  *next, *prev;
	const char *param;
	struct vfs_ops vfs_next;
	struct connection_struct *conn;
	void *data;
	void (*free_data)(void **data);
} vfs_handle_struct;
</programlisting>

<variablelist>

<varlistentry><term>param</term>
<listitem><para>this is the module parameter specified in the <command>vfs objects</command> parameter.</para>
<para>e.g. for 'vfs objects = example:test' param would be &quot;test&quot;.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>vfs_next</term>
<listitem><para>This vfs_ops struct contains the information for calling the next module operations.
Use the SMB_VFS_NEXT_* macros to call a next module operations and
don't access handle-&gt;vfs_next.ops.* directly!</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>conn</term>
<listitem><para>This is a pointer back to the connection_struct to witch the handle belongs.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>data</term>
<listitem><para>This is a pointer for holding module private data.
You can alloc data with connection life time on the handle-&gt;conn-&gt;mem_ctx TALLOC_CTX.
But you can also manage the memory allocation yourself.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry><term>free_data</term>
<listitem><para>This is a function pointer to a function that free's the module private data.
If you talloc your private data on the TALLOC_CTX handle-&gt;conn-&gt;mem_ctx,
you can set this function pointer to NULL.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

<para>Some useful MACROS for handle private data.
</para>

<programlisting>
#define SMB_VFS_HANDLE_GET_DATA(handle, datap, type, ret) { \
	if (!(handle)||((datap=(type *)(handle)-&gt;data)==NULL)) { \
		DEBUG(0,(&quot;%s() failed to get vfs_handle-&gt;data!\n&quot;,FUNCTION_MACRO)); \
		ret; \
	} \
}

#define SMB_VFS_HANDLE_SET_DATA(handle, datap, free_fn, type, ret) { \
	if (!(handle)) { \
		DEBUG(0,(&quot;%s() failed to set handle-&gt;data!\n&quot;,FUNCTION_MACRO)); \
		ret; \
	} else { \
		if ((handle)-&gt;free_data) { \
			(handle)-&gt;free_data(&amp;(handle)-&gt;data); \
		} \
		(handle)-&gt;data = (void *)datap; \
		(handle)-&gt;free_data = free_fn; \
	} \
}

#define SMB_VFS_HANDLE_FREE_DATA(handle) { \
	if ((handle) &amp;&amp; (handle)-&gt;free_data) { \
		(handle)-&gt;free_data(&amp;(handle)-&gt;data); \
	} \
}
</programlisting>

<para>How SMB_VFS_LAYER_TRANSPARENT functions can call the SMB_VFS_LAYER_OPAQUE functions.</para>

<para>The easiest way to do this is to use the SMB_VFS_OPAQUE_* macros.
</para>

<programlisting>
...
/* File operations */
#define SMB_VFS_OPAQUE_OPEN(conn, fname, flags, mode) \
	((conn)-&gt;vfs_opaque.ops.open(\
	(conn)-&gt;vfs_opaque.handles.open,\
	 (conn), (fname), (flags), (mode)))
#define SMB_VFS_OPAQUE_CLOSE(fsp, fd) \
	((fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs_opaque.ops.close(\
	(fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs_opaque.handles.close,\
	 (fsp), (fd)))
#define SMB_VFS_OPAQUE_READ(fsp, fd, data, n) \
	((fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs_opaque.ops.read(\
	(fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs_opaque.handles.read,\
	 (fsp), (fd), (data), (n)))
#define SMB_VFS_OPAQUE_WRITE(fsp, fd, data, n) \
	((fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs_opaque.ops.write(\
	(fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs_opaque.handles.write,\
	 (fsp), (fd), (data), (n)))
#define SMB_VFS_OPAQUE_LSEEK(fsp, fd, offset, whence) \
	((fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs_opaque.ops.lseek(\
	(fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs_opaque.handles.lseek,\
	 (fsp), (fd), (offset), (whence)))
#define SMB_VFS_OPAQUE_SENDFILE(tofd, fsp, fromfd, header, offset, count) \
	((fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs_opaque.ops.sendfile(\
	(fsp)-&gt;conn-&gt;vfs_opaque.handles.sendfile,\
	 (tofd), (fsp), (fromfd), (header), (offset), (count)))
...
</programlisting>

<para>How SMB_VFS_LAYER_TRANSPARENT functions can call the next modules functions.</para>

<para>The easiest way to do this is to use the SMB_VFS_NEXT_* macros.
</para>

<programlisting>
...
/* File operations */
#define SMB_VFS_NEXT_OPEN(handle, conn, fname, flags, mode) \
	((handle)-&gt;vfs_next.ops.open(\
	(handle)-&gt;vfs_next.handles.open,\
	 (conn), (fname), (flags), (mode)))
#define SMB_VFS_NEXT_CLOSE(handle, fsp, fd) \
	((handle)-&gt;vfs_next.ops.close(\
	(handle)-&gt;vfs_next.handles.close,\
	 (fsp), (fd)))
#define SMB_VFS_NEXT_READ(handle, fsp, fd, data, n) \
	((handle)-&gt;vfs_next.ops.read(\
	(handle)-&gt;vfs_next.handles.read,\
	 (fsp), (fd), (data), (n)))
#define SMB_VFS_NEXT_WRITE(handle, fsp, fd, data, n) \
	((handle)-&gt;vfs_next.ops.write(\
	(handle)-&gt;vfs_next.handles.write,\
	 (fsp), (fd), (data), (n)))
#define SMB_VFS_NEXT_LSEEK(handle, fsp, fd, offset, whence) \
	((handle)-&gt;vfs_next.ops.lseek(\
	(handle)-&gt;vfs_next.handles.lseek,\
	 (fsp), (fd), (offset), (whence)))
#define SMB_VFS_NEXT_SENDFILE(handle, tofd, fsp, fromfd, header, offset, count) \
	((handle)-&gt;vfs_next.ops.sendfile(\
	(handle)-&gt;vfs_next.handles.sendfile,\
	 (tofd), (fsp), (fromfd), (header), (offset), (count)))
...
</programlisting>

</sect2>

</sect1>

<sect1>
<title>Upgrading to the New VFS Interface</title>

<sect2>
<title>Upgrading from 2.2.* and 3.0aplha modules</title>

<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>
Add &quot;vfs_handle_struct *handle, &quot; as first parameter to all vfs operation functions.
e.g. example_connect(connection_struct *conn, const char *service, const char *user);
-&gt;   example_connect(vfs_handle_struct *handle, connection_struct *conn, const char *service, const char *user);
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
Replace &quot;default_vfs_ops.&quot; with &quot;smb_vfs_next_&quot;.
e.g. default_vfs_ops.connect(conn, service, user);
-&gt;   smb_vfs_next_connect(conn, service, user);
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
Uppercase all &quot;smb_vfs_next_*&quot; functions.
e.g. smb_vfs_next_connect(conn, service, user);
-&gt;   SMB_VFS_NEXT_CONNECT(conn, service, user);
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
Add &quot;handle, &quot; as first parameter to all SMB_VFS_NEXT_*() calls.
e.g. SMB_VFS_NEXT_CONNECT(conn, service, user);
-&gt;   SMB_VFS_NEXT_CONNECT(handle, conn, service, user);
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
(Only for 2.2.* modules) 
Convert the old struct vfs_ops example_ops to 
a vfs_op_tuple example_op_tuples[] array.
e.g.
<programlisting>
struct vfs_ops example_ops = {
	/* Disk operations */
	example_connect,		/* connect */
	example_disconnect,		/* disconnect */
	NULL,				/* disk free *
	/* Directory operations */
	NULL,				/* opendir */
	NULL,				/* readdir */
	NULL,				/* mkdir */
	NULL,				/* rmdir */
	NULL,				/* closedir */
	/* File operations */
	NULL,				/* open */
	NULL,				/* close */
	NULL,				/* read  */
	NULL,				/* write */
	NULL,				/* lseek */
	NULL,				/* sendfile */
	NULL,				/* rename */
	NULL,				/* fsync */
	example_stat,			/* stat  */
	example_fstat,			/* fstat */
	example_lstat,			/* lstat */
	NULL,				/* unlink */
	NULL,				/* chmod */
	NULL,				/* fchmod */
	NULL,				/* chown */
	NULL,				/* fchown */
	NULL,				/* chdir */
	NULL,				/* getwd */
	NULL,				/* utime */
	NULL,				/* ftruncate */
	NULL,				/* lock */
	NULL,				/* symlink */
	NULL,				/* readlink */
	NULL,				/* link */
	NULL,				/* mknod */
	NULL,				/* realpath */
	NULL,				/* fget_nt_acl */
	NULL,				/* get_nt_acl */
	NULL,				/* fset_nt_acl */
	NULL,				/* set_nt_acl */

	NULL,				/* chmod_acl */
	NULL,				/* fchmod_acl */

	NULL,				/* sys_acl_get_entry */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_get_tag_type */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_get_permset */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_get_qualifier */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_get_file */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_get_fd */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_clear_perms */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_add_perm */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_to_text */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_init */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_create_entry */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_set_tag_type */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_set_qualifier */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_set_permset */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_valid */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_set_file */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_set_fd */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_delete_def_file */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_get_perm */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_free_text */
	NULL,				/* sys_acl_free_acl */
	NULL				/* sys_acl_free_qualifier */
};
</programlisting>
-&gt;
<programlisting> 
static vfs_op_tuple example_op_tuples[] = {
	{SMB_VFS_OP(example_connect),	SMB_VFS_OP_CONNECT,	SMB_VFS_LAYER_TRANSPARENT},
	{SMB_VFS_OP(example_disconnect),	SMB_VFS_OP_DISCONNECT,	SMB_VFS_LAYER_TRANSPARENT},
	
	{SMB_VFS_OP(example_fstat), 	SMB_VFS_OP_FSTAT,	SMB_VFS_LAYER_TRANSPARENT},
	{SMB_VFS_OP(example_stat),		SMB_VFS_OP_STAT,	SMB_VFS_LAYER_TRANSPARENT},
	{SMB_VFS_OP(example_lstat), 	SMB_VFS_OP_LSTAT,	SMB_VFS_LAYER_TRANSPARENT},

	{SMB_VFS_OP(NULL),				SMB_VFS_OP_NOOP,	SMB_VFS_LAYER_NOOP}
};
</programlisting>
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
Move the example_op_tuples[] array to the end of the file. 
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
Add the init_module() function at the end of the file.
e.g.
<programlisting>
NTSTATUS init_module(void)
{
	return smb_register_vfs(SMB_VFS_INTERFACE_VERSION,&quot;example&quot;,example_op_tuples);
}
</programlisting>
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
Check if your vfs_init() function does more then just prepare the vfs_ops structs or
remember the struct smb_vfs_handle_struct.
<simplelist>
<member>If NOT you can remove the vfs_init() function.</member>
<member>If YES decide if you want to move the code to the example_connect() operation or to the init_module(). And then remove vfs_init().
  e.g. a debug class registration should go into init_module() and the allocation of private data should go to example_connect().</member>
</simplelist>
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
(Only for 3.0alpha* modules) 
Check if your vfs_done() function contains needed code.
<simplelist>
<member>If NOT you can remove the vfs_done() function.</member>
<member>If YES decide if you can move the code to the example_disconnect() operation. Otherwise register a SMB_EXIT_EVENT with smb_register_exit_event(); (Described in the <link linkend="modules">modules section</link>) And then remove vfs_done(). e.g. the freeing of private data should go to example_disconnect().
</member>
</simplelist>
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
Check if you have any global variables left.
Decide if it wouldn't be better to have this data on a connection basis.
<simplelist>
  <member>If NOT leave them as they are. (e.g. this could be the variable for the private debug class.)</member>
  <member>If YES pack all this data into a struct. You can use handle-&gt;data to point to such a struct on a per connection basis.</member>
</simplelist>

  e.g. if you have such a struct:
<programlisting>    
struct example_privates {
	char *some_string;
	int db_connection;
};
</programlisting>	
first way of doing it:
<programlisting>
static int example_connect(vfs_handle_struct *handle,
	connection_struct *conn, const char *service, 
	const char* user)
{
	struct example_privates *data = NULL;

	/* alloc our private data */
	data = (struct example_privates *)talloc_zero(conn-&gt;mem_ctx, sizeof(struct example_privates));
	if (!data) {
		DEBUG(0,(&quot;talloc_zero() failed\n&quot;));
		return -1;
	}

	/* init out private data */
	data-&gt;some_string = talloc_strdup(conn-&gt;mem_ctx,&quot;test&quot;);
	if (!data-&gt;some_string) {
		DEBUG(0,(&quot;talloc_strdup() failed\n&quot;));
		return -1;
	}

	data-&gt;db_connection = open_db_conn();

	/* and now store the private data pointer in handle-&gt;data
	 * we don't need to specify a free_function here because
	 * we use the connection TALLOC context.
	 * (return -1 if something failed.)
	 */
	VFS_HANDLE_SET_DATA(handle, data, NULL, struct example_privates, return -1);

	return SMB_VFS_NEXT_CONNECT(handle,conn,service,user);
}

static int example_close(vfs_handle_struct *handle, files_struct *fsp, int fd)
{
	struct example_privates *data = NULL;
	
	/* get the pointer to our private data
	 * return -1 if something failed
	 */
	SMB_VFS_HANDLE_GET_DATA(handle, data, struct example_privates, return -1);
	
	/* do something here...*/
	DEBUG(0,(&quot;some_string: %s\n&quot;,data-&gt;some_string));
	
	return SMB_VFS_NEXT_CLOSE(handle, fsp, fd);
}
</programlisting>
second way of doing it:
<programlisting>
static void free_example_privates(void **datap)
{
	struct example_privates *data = (struct example_privates *)*datap;
	
	SAFE_FREE(data-&gt;some_string);
	SAFE_FREE(data);
	
	*datap = NULL;
	
	return;
}

static int example_connect(vfs_handle_struct *handle, 
	connection_struct *conn, const char *service, 
	const char* user)
{
	struct example_privates *data = NULL;

	/* alloc our private data */
	data = (struct example_privates *)malloc(sizeof(struct example_privates));
	if (!data) {
		DEBUG(0,(&quot;malloc() failed\n&quot;));
		return -1;
	}

	/* init out private data */
	data-&gt;some_string = strdup(&quot;test&quot;);
	if (!data-&gt;some_string) {
		DEBUG(0,(&quot;strdup() failed\n&quot;));
		return -1;
	}

	data-&gt;db_connection = open_db_conn();

	/* and now store the private data pointer in handle-&gt;data
	 * we need to specify a free_function because we used malloc() and strdup().
	 * (return -1 if something failed.)
	 */
	SMB_VFS_HANDLE_SET_DATA(handle, data, free_example_privates, struct example_privates, return -1);

	return SMB_VFS_NEXT_CONNECT(handle,conn,service,user);
}

static int example_close(vfs_handle_struct *handle, files_struct *fsp, int fd)
{
	struct example_privates *data = NULL;
	
	/* get the pointer to our private data
	 * return -1 if something failed
	 */
	SMB_VFS_HANDLE_GET_DATA(handle, data, struct example_privates, return -1);
	
	/* do something here...*/
	DEBUG(0,(&quot;some_string: %s\n&quot;,data-&gt;some_string));
	
	return SMB_VFS_NEXT_CLOSE(handle, fsp, fd);
}
</programlisting>
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
To make it easy to build 3rd party modules it would be usefull to provide
configure.in, (configure), install.sh and Makefile.in with the module.
(Take a look at the example in <filename>examples/VFS</filename>.)
</para>

<para>
The configure script accepts <option>--with-samba-source</option> to specify 
the path to the samba source tree.
It also accept <option>--enable-developer</option> which lets the compiler 
give you more warnings.  
</para>

<para>
The idea is that you can extend this 
<filename>configure.in</filename> and <filename>Makefile.in</filename> scripts
for your module.
</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>
Compiling &amp; Testing...
<simplelist>
<member><userinput>./configure <option>--enable-developer</option></userinput> ...</member>
<member><userinput>make</userinput></member>
<member>Try to fix all compiler warnings</member>
<member><userinput>make</userinput></member>
<member>Testing, Testing, Testing ...</member>
</simplelist>
</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect2>

</sect1>

<sect1>
<title>Some Notes</title>

<sect2>
<title>Implement TRANSPARENT functions</title>

<para>
Avoid writing functions like this:

<programlisting>
static int example_close(vfs_handle_struct *handle, files_struct *fsp, int fd)
{
	return SMB_VFS_NEXT_CLOSE(handle, fsp, fd);
}
</programlisting>

Overload only the functions you really need to!
</para>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Implement OPAQUE functions</title>

<para>
If you want to just implement a better version of a 
default samba opaque function
(e.g. like a disk_free() function for a special filesystem) 
it's ok to just overload that specific function.
</para>

<para>
If you want to implement a database filesystem or
something different from a posix filesystem.
Make sure that you overload every vfs operation!!!
</para>
<para>
Functions your FS does not support should be overloaded by something like this:
e.g. for a readonly filesystem.
</para>

<programlisting>
static int example_rename(vfs_handle_struct *handle, connection_struct *conn,
			char *oldname, char *newname)
{
	DEBUG(10,(&quot;function rename() not allowed on vfs 'example'\n&quot;));
	errno = ENOSYS;
	return -1;
}
</programlisting>

</sect2>

</sect1>

</chapter>
