BUILTIN(1)

NAME
builtin, alias, alloc, bg, bind, bindkey, break, breaksw, builtins, case, cd, chdir, command, complete, continue, default, dirs, do, done, echo, echotc, elif, else, end, endif, endsw, esac, eval, exec, exit, export, false, fc, fg, filetest, fi, for, foreach, getopts, glob, goto, hash, hashstat, history, hup, if, jobid, jobs, kill, limit, log, login, logout, ls-F, nice, nohup, notify, onintr, popd, printenv, pushd, pwd, read, readonly, rehash, repeat, sched, set, setenv, settc, setty, setvar, shift, source, stop, suspend, switch, telltc, test, then, time, trap, true, type, ulimit, umask, unalias, uncomplete, unhash, unlimit, unset, unsetenv, until, wait, where, which, while - shell builtin commands

SYNOPSIS
builtin [-options] [args ...]

DESCRIPTION
Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell's process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.

If a command specified to the shell contains a slash “/”, the shell will not execute a builtin command, even if the last component of the specified command matches the name of a builtin command. Thus, while specifying “echo” causes a builtin command to be executed under shells that support the builtin echo command, specifying “/bin/echo” or “./echo” does not.

While some builtin commands may exist in more than one shell, their operation may be different under each shell which supports them. Below is a table which lists shell builtin commands, the standard shells that support them and whether they exist as standalone utilities.

Only builtin commands for the csh(1) and sh(1) shells are listed here. Consult the appropriate manual page for details on the operation of any given builtin command under those shells. Users of other shells will need to consult the documentation supplied with the other shells.

Command External | csh(1) | sh(1)
alias | Yes | Yes | Yes
alloc | | Yes |
bg | Yes | Yes | Yes
bind | | | Yes
bindkey | | Yes |
break | | Yes | Yes
breaksw | | Yes |
builtins | | Yes |
case | | Yes | Yes
cd | Yes | Yes | Yes
chdir | | Yes | Yes
command | Yes | | Yes
complete | | Yes |
continue | | Yes | Yes
default | | Yes |
dirs | | Yes |
do | | | Yes
done | | | Yes
echo | Yes | Yes | Yes
echotc | | Yes |
elif | | | Yes
else | | Yes | Yes
end | | Yes |
endif | | Yes |
endsw | | Yes |
esac | | | Yes
eval | | Yes | Yes
exec | | Yes | Yes
exit | | Yes | Yes
export | | | Yes
false | Yes | | Yes
fc | Yes | | Yes
fg | Yes | Yes | Yes
filetest | | Yes |
fi | | | Yes
for | | | Yes
foreach | | Yes |
getopts | Yes | | Yes
glob | | Yes |
goto | | Yes |
hash | | | Yes
hashstat | | Yes |
history | | Yes |
hup | | Yes |
if | | Yes | Yes
jobid | | | Yes
jobs | Yes | Yes | Yes
kill | Yes | Yes |
limit | | Yes |
log | | Yes |
login | Yes | Yes |
logout | | Yes |
ls-F | | Yes |
nice | Yes | Yes |
nohup | Yes | Yes |
notify | | Yes |
onintr | | Yes |
popd | | Yes |
printenv | Yes | Yes |
pushd | | Yes |
pwd | Yes | | Yes
read | Yes | | Yes
readonly | | | Yes
rehash | | Yes |
repeat | | Yes |
sched | | Yes |
set | | Yes | Yes
setenv | | Yes |
settc | | Yes |
setty | | Yes |
setvar | | | Yes
shift | | Yes | Yes
source | | Yes |
stop | | Yes |
suspend | | Yes |
switch | | Yes |
telltc | | Yes |
test | Yes | | Yes
then | | | Yes
time | Yes | Yes |
trap | | | Yes
true | Yes | | Yes
type | | | Yes
ulimit | | | Yes
umask | Yes | Yes | Yes
unalias | Yes | Yes | Yes
uncomplete | | Yes |
unhash | | Yes |
unlimit | | Yes |
unset | | Yes | Yes
unsetenv | | Yes |
until | | | Yes
wait | Yes | Yes | Yes
where | | Yes |
which | Yes | Yes |
while | | Yes | Yes

SEE ALSO
csh(1), echo(1), false(1), kill(1), login(1), nice(1), nohup(1), printenv(1), pwd(1), sh(1), test(1), time(1), true(1), which(1)

HISTORY
The builtin manual page first appeared in FreeBSD 3.4.

AUTHORS
This manual page was written by Sheldon Hearn <sheldonh@FreeBSD.org>.